Can polyaluminum chloride coagulant be used to treat petroleum wastewater?

This work investigates the potential synthesis of cost-effective polyaluminum chloride (PACl) coagulant from waste household aluminum foil and utilization for treating petroleum wastewater (PWW), especially dissolved organic compounds (DOC, like octanol–water mixture) and nonsettleable suspended (NSS-kaolin) mineral particles.

Why is polymeric PACL a less pH-sensitive coagulant?

Polymeric PACl, which contains cationic species like Al 2 O 2 (OH) + and Al 3 O 4+, is among the least pH-sensitive coagulants because of (i) the high charge neutralization capacities of cationic alumina species and (ii) faster hydrolysis kinetics at a low and high alkalinity/basicity levels (%  =  100/3 × [OH]/ [Al]) .

Does PACL coagulant remove octanol and turbidity from petroleum wastewater?

The effectiveness of PACl coagulant in treating petroleum wastewater was evaluated, especially towards removing DOC (in terms of octanol–water mixture) and turbidity (i.e., colloidal NSS-based kaolin mineral particulates).

How does hydronium affect PACL polymerization?

The higher hydronium (H +) ions at acidic conditions also negatively impacted the degree of PACl polymerization by affecting the hydroxyl (Al–OH–Al) and oxygen (Al–O–Al) bridges. These positively charged PACl hydrolyzates might adsorb on the negatively charged NSS-kaolin particles, destabilizing the colloidal stability and the “sweep floc” growth.

What materials are used to make polar emulsified oil?

2.1. Materials Hydrochloric acid (HCl: 35–38%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH > 99%), sodium chloride (NaCl > 99%), and octanol (purity > 98%, a representative of polar/emulsified oil fraction) were purchased from Merck Co., Ltd. (Darmstadt, Germany).

Can alumina foil-driven PACL coagulation treatment of oilfield wastewater be scalable?

Overall, the research findings demonstrated that scalability in the waste alumina foil-driven PACl coagulation treatment of oilfield wastewater is achievable but requires careful planning, monitoring, and adaptation to account for the specific challenges posed by the larger volume and variability of oilfield wastewater composition.