Why is polyaluminum chloride a good coagulant for water treatment?

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is highly effective coagulant for water treatment over conventional coagulants because of low dosage requirement, shorter flocculation time, smaller amount of sludge, high efficiency and low aluminum residual in treated water .

Can polyaluminum chloride be used in water treatment?

In this study, synthesis and speciation of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) for application in water treatment was investigated using a colorimetric speciation method. It was possible to produce stable preparations of PAC solutions in which a relatively stable cationic polymer predominated.

Is Pac better than aluminum sulfate & aluminum chloride for removing turbidity & nom?

Moreover, the performance of synthesized PAC was also very much higher as compared with aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride for removing turbidity and NOM from synthetic water samples. The coagulant dose and the lime required of synthesized PAC were reduced more than two folds relative to aluminum sulfate and aluminum chloride doses.

Can PAC be prepared from aluminum chloride solution?

PAC can be prepared from aluminum chloride solution with the titration of various basification agents such as calcium oxide [16, 21], sodium hydroxide [, , ] and sodium aluminate .

Can PAC coagulants contain aluminum precipitates?

A variety of species can be formed when stock solutions of PAC are added to a raw water. O'Melia and Dempsey (1982), in a review of work done using a wide variety of PAC coagulants, proposed that some PAC formulations may contain aluminum precipitates.

What is the concentration of aluminum in Pac solution?

The aluminum concentration in the PAC solution was diluted in the ranges from 5.4 to 10.8 mg L −1. The PAC solution to Ferron solution volume ratio was 10:1, which was mixed and immediately transferred to the cuvettes in the UV–vis spectrometer for absorbance measurement.