What is poly aluminum chloride (PAC)?

Consist of monomeric Al, polymeric Al, and aluminum hydroxide (Al (OH) 3), poly aluminum chloride (PAC) is widely used for particulate matter destabilizing during coagulation in water treatment plants . In contrast to Al salts, more attention was appealed by PAC, which was more effective and lower costing.

Does PAC enhance the formation of aerobic granules?

Coupling process between physicochemical–biochemical effects during the PAC enhanced formation of aerobic granules. In conclusion, the role of PAC for the aerobic granulation enhancement was identified and the mechanism of this process was well revealed by the systematic investigation.

Can sludge be used to make granules?

It was also believed to be able to accelerate the start-up of aerobic granules by seeding sludge with anaerobic granules or crushed granular sludge , while the granules form under these conditions might broken up and be washed out before a new granulation occurred .