Why is polyaluminum chloride a good coagulant for water treatment?

Polyaluminum chloride (PAC) is highly effective coagulant for water treatment over conventional coagulants because of low dosage requirement, shorter flocculation time, smaller amount of sludge, high efficiency and low aluminum residual in treated water .

Does polymeric aluminum chloride coagulate efficiently?

Taking the more widely used polymeric aluminum chloride (PACl) as an example, coagulation efficiency is closely related to the characteristics and distribution of Al species of PACl (He et al. 2024).

What are the synthesis parameters of aluminum chloride hexahydrate?

The synthesis parameters were concentration of aluminum chloride hexahydrate (0.4 to 0.8 M), basicity ratio (2.0 to 2.4), reaction temperature (60 to 80 °C) and time (180 to 360 min). The performance of PΑC for water treatment was also investigated. The monomeric, medium polymeric and colloidal species of PAC were determined by Ferron test method.

Does initial concentration of aluminum chloride affect the yield of Al B?

As observed in Fig. 1 (a–d), the effects of initial concentration of aluminum chloride, basicity ratio, reaction temperature and time curves were steep slope and curvature, which revealed that the yield of Al b content in the PΑC species was very sensitive for these factors.

What is a polyaluminium chloride (PACL)?

The IPFs, such as polyaluminium chloride (PACl) and polyiron chloride (PICl), are a category of partially neutralized metal salts with significant polymeric fraction present in some circumstances.

Are pacls more stable than in situ alum addition?

Klute found that the preformed species in PACls aremore stable than those formed in situ after alum addition; Matsui assumed that those preformed species could destabilize particles faster .